|
|
| |
|
|
Mongolica. Vol. XXVI, No. 4. Dedicated to the 155th anniversary of the Buryat scholar and educator Bazar Baradiin (1878–1937) / Ed. by I. V. Kulganek (editor-in-chief), D. A. Nosov (secretary), M. A. Kozintcev (deputy secretary) et al. St Petersburg, 2023. 116 p. ISSN 2311-5939.
CONTENTS
Tatiana V. Ermakova. The biography and scholarly works by Bazar Baradiin (1878–1937) — 5
The article is devoted to key events of B. Baradiin’s life story and his main scholarly works. Special attention is paid to Baradiin’s travel to Tibet (TAR, CPR). Circumstances, aims and results were explicated and the leading role of the St. Petersburg school of Buddhist Studies was stated. Major scholarly works by Baradiin were analysed and his own field in the Buddhist studies was explained as a result: it was Buddhist art in connection with Buddhist doctrine and thus he was a follower of S. F. Oldenburg.
Keywords: Buddhism, B. B. Baradiin, S. F. Oldenburg, Th. I. Stcherbatsky.
MONGOLIAN STUDIES
Baljinnyam Demberelmaa. Comparative analysis of the concept “Soul/Setgel” based on the explanatory dictionaries of Russian and Mongolian languages — 13
The purpose of this article is to identify distinctive features of the concept “Soul”, in the Russian and Mongolian linguistic picture of the world. To achieve this goal, we carried out a comparative analysis of this concept on the material of explanatory dictionaries and came to the following conclusions. Firstly, the essential difference is that in the explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language there are 10 meanings of the word “Soul”, and in the Mongolian explanatory dictionaries one meaning of the word “Setgel” is recorded. Secondly, the direct meaning of these words does not completely match in explanatory dictionaries. Thirdly, the dictionary entry for the word “Setgel” in explanatory dictionaries of the Mongolian language requires development and further research. Comparative analysis of dictionary entries in explanatory dictionaries becomes the basis for further research.
Keywords: word, meaning, concept, soul, setgel, explanatory dictionary.
Olga K. Bavaeva. About two translated versions of poems by David Kugultinov — 23
The article represents stylistic analysis of two poems by the prominent Oirad-Kalmyk poet David Kugultinov. The author dwells upon the translations of these two verses into Russian. The aim of the article is to reveal stylistic features of the original version and reflect the necessary transformations conducted in the process of translation into Russian. The Oirad-Kalmyk language is different from the Russian language in many ways. They have nothing in common in terms of genealogy, morphology, syntactical structure. So the translation proves to be really challenging. But here the author demonstrates how with the help of various methods a talented translator can achieve adequacy and equivalency of the translated version. The translator makes use of different methods like addition or omission of some lexemes or even sentences without changing the idea of the original version. When it is impossible to find adequate or equivalent lexical meaning the translator compensates the lost meanings and notions by other lexemes and very often in some other lines or even stanzas. Thus, it becomes possible to communicate not only the thoughts and the ideas of the original text, but what is most important in poetry, to convey the mood, the atmosphere and the emotions of the poem.
Keywords: Kugultinov, Oirad-Kalmyk, anaphoric rhyme, stylistic adaptation, compensation, omission, addition, semantic assimilation.
Badamzhav Batjargal. Magsar Khurtsyn Dugarzhav (1893–1946) – the First Mongol to Study European Musical Notation System (Translated from Mongolian into Russian and prepared for publication by Maria P. Petrova) — 29
The published article was written for the 130th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Mongolian musician, singer, composer Magsar Khurtsyn Dugarzhav (1893–1946). The author refutes the generally accepted historical fact that the first teacher who taught the Mongols the methods of playing music using the notes of European classical and wind music was the Russian clergyman A. A. Koltsov. Based on archival sources, as well as the diaries of the famous Russian traveler, musician, researcher of Mongolian folk songs Sergei A. Kondratiev (1896–1970), published in 2006, the author of the article comes to the following conclusion: the first Mongol who mastered Western musical notation was Magsar Khurtsyn Dugarzhav, who learned it under the guidance of the Soviet composer and researcher of Mongolian folk music S. A. Kondratiev, as evidenced by the latter’s diary entries, written in Mongolian capital in 1923.
Keywords: Magsar Khurtsyn Dugarzhav, S. A. Kondratiev, Mongolian music, Western musical notation.
RELATED DISCIPLINES
Sergey L. Burmistrov. The concept of emptiness in Yogācāra — 37
Yogācāra treats the concept of emptiness (śūnyatā) in the context of the conception of causality. Like in Brāhmaṇist systems of Saṃkhyā, Yoga and Advaita Vedānta, truly real in Yogācāra is that which is beyond the net of causality. Determined being in this system, like in other religious and philosophical systems of ancient and medieval India, is associated with changes and suffering as its logical consequence. Emptiness in Mahāyāna is the emptiness of reality from “I” and from anything self-existing. In Yogācāra this concept is interpreted through the teaching of tree natures — the constructed, the dependent and the absolute. The last one is free from duality, empty from any differences including differences between dharmas that are postulated by Hinayāna schools. Constructed nature is everyday language practice with sets of differences inherent in it — between true and false propositions, between grammatical categories etc. Dependent nature is the subject of language practice. Absolute nature reveals itself when all the differences are removed, including the difference between language practice and its subject, between known and knower, and it is ineffable in any human language. Even the concept of the emptiness is empty: it demonstrates that the true reality is free from differences, from causality and therefore — from suffering. It is not only an ontological concept, but first of all a soteriological one, for its sense is the possibility to achieve enlightenment and nirvāṇa.
Keywords: Buddhist written monuments in Sanskrit, Mahāyāna, Yogācāra, Asanga, Vasubandhu.
Raisa N. Krapivina. Acharya Kamalashila on Mahayana Path according to the Heart Sutra — 48
This article is a source study of two Tibetan Mahayana Buddhist texts from the Tibetan Buddhist Canon. The article includes the main text (rtsa ba) of the very well known Heart Sutra and its Commentary (’grel ba) of Kamalashila who was a famous eighth century Indian Buddhist scholar. The article follows the structure of the main text and the Commentary. It explains Kamalashila’s view/approach to the beginning, continuation and completion of the Mahayana Path which is a mental activity of development and realization towards enlightenment — the highest level of knowledge according to Buddhist teachings.
Keywords: Kamalashila, Heart Sutra, Commentary, Buddhism, Mahayana, Path, knowledge, Abhisamayalankara.
Andrei S. Saraev. How many ethnic groups named “Turk” existed in the period of the Turkic khaganates? (Three concepts of S. G. Klyashtorny and one overlooked concept of L. N. Gumilev) — 54
The paper focuses on a number of concepts on the origin of the Turks in the proper sense. No written or archaeological sources give any sure evidence on this subject. That is why scholars one by one propose different ideas on the turkic ethnogenesis. The most popular among them (first proposed by W. Barthold) is that the term “Turk” was the common name for many tribal nomad groups and never signified any unique ethnos. But some Russian scholars (especially Lev N. Gumilev and Sergei G. Kliashtorny) insisted that firstly existed the people “Turk” and only after the fall of both Turkic khaganates their name dispersed among other nomads as the common name. These latest hypotheses were also controversial and in each case we try to reconstruct the main idea of its author.
Keywords: Turks, Türküts, Göktürk, Turkic khaganates, Orkhon runic inscriptions, Yu.A. Zuev, historiography.
Andrey N. Bazanov, Konstantin A. Beketov, Natalya K. Beketova, Alexander B. Grishin, Li Zhuangzhi. Experience in prospective design of intercultural communications. Report on work in Guangdong province (PRC) in June 2023 — 74
The report contains an analysis of cooperation between Russian and Chinese art institutions in various historical periods and prospects for the development of intercultural communications in new conditions based on interaction in the field of realistic visual art in full-time and remote format.
Keywords: St. Petersburg Union of artists, fine arts, intercultural communications, art exhibitions, art education, master classes.
ARCHIVES OF MONGOLIAN STUDIES
Tatiana D. Skrynnikava, Natalia S. Yakhontova. Unpublished report by Academician B. Ya. Vladimirtsov (1931) — 81
In the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg branch) there was accidentally found a typewritten transcript of academician B. Ya. Vladimirtsov’s report “Monuments of the Mongolian law as a material for Mongolian feudalism study”. It is preserved among 1931 year materials of the Sector of History and Economics (Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences). The report was presented on April 24, 1931 at a meeting of the Sector. The Institute of Oriental Studies was a transformation of the Asiatic Museum which took place in 1930. The new institution had to change former tasks radically. Much attention was paid to the study of the history of pre-capitalist formations in the East on the basis of Marxist methodology and the work of the Sector was concentrated on this topic. On the one hand, in 1930–1931 B. Ya. Vladimirtsov accomplished the translation and preparation for publication of the monument of Mongolian law — Khalkha Jirum. This is confirmed in his record in February 1931 and the report he made is his summary on the work done. On the other hand, he judged Khalkha Jirum from the point of view of its significance for the study of Mongolian feudalism. Such attitude could be caused by the need to take into account the new ideological requirements of the time, but not the position of a scientist. The answer to this question is given in the report. There Vladimirtsov mentions his presentation on the Mongolian feudalism at a meeting of the Faculty of Oriental Languages at St. Petersburg University much earlier in 1914. At that time Vladimirtsov’s ideas were critically received, but he did not leave behind the intention to prove the existence of feudalism among the Mongols, which resulted in the reparation of his work on Mongolian nomadic feudalism. The main subject of the report by B. Ya. Vladimirtsov is the answer to the questions: “To what socio-economic formation does the system that collapsed before our eyes in Northern Mongolia belong? To what extent can the Mongolian system be called feudal?” To prove that the Mongol empire of Genghis Khan was a feudal one he cites the materials from the Mongolian law document — “The Code of Mongol-Khalkha Laws of the Three Khoshuns”, as well as from other sources (“The Secret History”, Rashid ad-Din’s chronical, notes of European travelers). According to him, the sources of the XVII cent. “falsified history”, but the code of laws — “The Code of the Mongol-Khalkha laws of the Three Khoshuns” can serve as a reliable evidence of the evolution of the social system. B. Ya. Vladimirtsov provides examples from the Code that from his point of view prove the existence of feudal relations in Mongolia. He is sure that as early as 17 c. the process of decay of Mongolian feudalism started and it was assisted by the Manchu government.
Keywords: B. Ya. Vladimirtsov, Mongolia, social system, feudalism, Khalkha Code of Laws, Khalkha Jirum.
REVIEWS
Tatiana V. Ermakova. The 14th and the 15th conference “Current issues of buddhological and indological studies (St. Petersburg, March 20, July 28, 2023) — 106
Keemya V. Orlova. Rev. of the book: Lepekhov S.Yu. The Formation of the Religious-Philosophical and Logical-Epistemological Concepts of Mahāyāna Buddhism / Ed. by B. V. Bazarov. Irkutsk: Impression, 2022. 376 p. (Series “Pax buddhica”) (in Russian) — 110
Helena P. Ostrovskaia. Rev. of the book: Boltach, Iuliia V. Cults and practices of early korean buddhism in the narratives of Samguk Yusa. St. Petersburg: Hyperion, 2023. — 464 p. (in Russian) — 114
 PDF-files
Full text
Keywords
|
|
|
|
Random news: Announcements |
|
The 13th St. Petersburg Tibetological Seminar dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the RAS will be held at the IOM RAS on November 13‒14, 2024. |
|
Read more...
|
|
|
|
|
