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Grigoryev S. Afghan Historical Sources on the Khirqa of the Prophet Muḥammad // Manuscripta Orientalia. Vol. 8. No. 2. June 2002. P. 5—9.
The halting, gradual spread of Islam in Afghanistan, spaced
over nearly a thousand years, led to an abundance of popular
Islamic forms of worship there. Because of Afghanistan's distance
from the Islamic centres of Arabia, Syria, Iraq and
other regions of the Near East, it was not visited by any of the
four so-called Rightly-guided caliphs or other great saints of
Islam. Yet the country is bursting with graves, mazārs, the
ziyārats of caliphs and Muslim saints who, however, never
saw those places, local saints, shahīds, haḍrats, mūllās,
ḥājjīs, etc. The population venerates various passes, mountain
summits, valleys, rivers, cliffs and rocks, groups of
trees and simply spots on the map. Today they are linked
with the activities of local or pan-Islamic saints; in fact,
they are usually throwbacks to past beliefs held by the inhabitants
of this poly-confessional and poly-ethnic country...
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история Афганистана
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