Uspensky V. The Status of Tibet In the Seventeenth – Early Eighteenth Centuries: A Mongolian Perspective // Rocznik orientalistyczny. T. LXVII, Z. 1, 2014. S. 230—237.
The conquests of Gushi Khan (1582–1655), who belonged to the Khoshut (Modern
Mong. Khoshuud) tribe of the Western Mongols, led to the creation of a new state which
included the whole of Tibet and Kuku Nor (Qinghai). His military campaigns brought
about the supremacy of the Gelugpa School in Tibet and established, as can be determined
from a later perspective, the rule of the Dalai Lamas. This coincided with the creation
of the Manchu state whose rulers became emperors of China in 1644. The visit of the
Fifth Dalai Lama to Beijing in 1653 and granting of titles by the emperor to the Dalai
Lama and Gushi Khan was an act of mutual recognition of the conquests by both sides.
The consolidation and expansion of the Qing empire and the lack of unity among the
Western Mongols resulted in the end of Khoshut rule in Tibet.
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