Rezvan E. The Qur’ān and Its World: III. “Echoings of Universal Harmonies” (Prophetic Revelation, Religious Inspiration, Occult Practice) // Manuscripta Orientalia. Vol. 3. No. 3. November 1997. P. 11—21.
Among the most important aspects of the traditional worldview
of Muslim peoples is the idea that it is possible to establish
contact with certain higher forces, with divinity.
This concerns not only contact with God through prayers
for help in the everyday affairs of “this life" and for the
mitigation of retribution in the after-life. Such is the contact
accessible to “mere mortals.” But the prophets, the saints
(awlīyā'), Ṣūfī shaykhs and Shi‘ite imāms also establish
contact with God, and this "contact" is of an entirely different
nature. To this latter realm belong the ecstatic and
occult practices which form an important part of popular
Islamic belief.
An analysis of the corresponding ideas and behavioural
stereotypes is, in our view, important if we are to understand
and to interpret adequately the traditional principles
underlying the cognition of reality, the particularities of
a traditional world-model, and the interrelation of an ideal
standard and actual religious practice.
Before turning to the sources of these ideas, the analysis
of which is of great significance for understanding
the problem as a whole, it is necessary to dwell at least
briefly on how phenomena of this sort are treated by
contemporary religious studies and a number of adjacent
disciplines...
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